03.25.2020
Introduction of Basic Structures of Microchips
WHO classified COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020; with 267,013 confirmed cases and 11,201 deaths in 185 countries, areas, or territories reported on the WHO website as of March 22, 2020.
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1. Introduction
WHO classified COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020; with 267,013 confirmed cases and 11,201 deaths in 185 countries, areas, or territories reported on the WHO website as of March 22, 2020. It is believed that COVID-19 can spread particularly fast and almost unnoticed because patients can transmit the virus even though they may be asymptomatic. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) seems to be the only method to determine whether a human being is infected. However, this method has to be conducted in laboratories, which is expensive and time-consuming. Since RT-PCR cannot be generally and widely applied, an alternative is required.
In the early 2000s, the concept of "lab-on-chip" was proposed: laboratory experiments being able to be conducted on a chip. To achieve this goal, the technical field of microarrays, microchips or genechips is still developing. In this article, we will introduce the basic and most important concepts and structures applied in this field. In Section 2, the biological background is introduced, including SARS detecting produces in Taiwan in 2003. In Section 3, basic structures of microchips are introduced, and their details will be introduced in the following two sections. Finally, Section 6 offers a short conclusion.
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WHO classified COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020; with 267,013 confirmed cases and 11,201 deaths in 185 countries, areas, or territories reported on the WHO website as of March 22, 2020. It is believed that COVID-19 can spread particularly fast and almost unnoticed because patients can transmit the virus even though they may be asymptomatic. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) seems to be the only method to determine whether a human being is infected. However, this method has to be conducted in laboratories, which is expensive and time-consuming. Since RT-PCR cannot be generally and widely applied, an alternative is required.
In the early 2000s, the concept of "lab-on-chip" was proposed: laboratory experiments being able to be conducted on a chip. To achieve this goal, the technical field of microarrays, microchips or genechips is still developing. In this article, we will introduce the basic and most important concepts and structures applied in this field. In Section 2, the biological background is introduced, including SARS detecting produces in Taiwan in 2003. In Section 3, basic structures of microchips are introduced, and their details will be introduced in the following two sections. Finally, Section 6 offers a short conclusion.
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